Batik

Batik is cloth which traditionally uses a manual wax-resist dyeing technique. Due to modern advances in the textile industry, the term has been extended to include fabrics which incorporate traditional batik patterns even if they are not produced using the wax-resist dyeing techniques. Silk batik is especially popular.
Javanese traditional batik, especially from Yogyakarta and Surakarta, has special meanings rooted to the Javanese conceptualization of the universe. Traditional colors include indigo, dark brown, and white which represent the three major Hindu Gods (Brahm?, Visnu, and ?iva). This is related to the fact that natural dyes are only available in indigo and brown. Certain patterns can only be worn by nobility; traditionally, wider stripes or wavy lines of greater width indicated higher rank. Consequently, during Javanese ceremonies, one could determine the royal lineage of a person by the cloth he or she was wearing.
Other regions of Indonesia have their own unique patterns which normally take themes from everyday lives, incorporating patterns such as flowers, nature, animals, folklore or people. The colors of pesisir batik, from the coastal cities of northern Java, is especially vibrant, and it absorbs influence from the Javanese, Arab, Chinese and Dutch culture. In the colonial times pesisir batik was a favorite of the Peranakan Chinese, Dutch and Eurasians.
UNESCO designated Indonesian batik, as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on October 2, 2009.In return of the acknowledgment, UNESCO demanded Indonesia to preserve their heritage.
Batik or fabrics with the traditional batik patterns are also found in several countries such as Malaysia, Japan, China, India, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Nigeria, Senegal, and Singapore. Malaysian batik often displays plants and flowers in basic patterns.

assignment writing 1

WRITING I
ASSIGMENT I (PUNCTUATION)


Exercise I
Put the appropriate punctuation in the following sentences.
1. Can you name a play by William Shakespeare?
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2. The pilot boarded the plane checked her instruments and prepared for takeoff.
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3. Gendis’ books are stolen.
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4. My favorite sports are the following: basketball, fencing, golf, and diving.
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5. Ayat-Ayat Cinta is watched by more than two billions people.
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6. Semarang is large and modern; it is also historic and peaceful.
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7. Are you surprised asked Mr. Sulistiyo?
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8. They have to do their homework!
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9. Congress may overrule a president’s veto by a two third majority.
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10. What a beautiful girl she is!
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Definition of LEXICAL

: of or relating to words or the vocabulary of a language as distinguished from its grammar and construction

Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lexical

Function words (or grammatical words or synsemantic words or structure-class words) are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning, but instead serve to express grammatical relationships with other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker. They signal the structural relationships that words have to one another and are the glue that holds sentences together. Thus, they serve as important elements to the structures of sentences.

Words that are not function words are called content words (or open class words or lexical words or autosemantic words): these include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and most adverbs, although some adverbs are function words (e.g., then and why). Dictionaries define the specific meanings of content words, but can only describe the general usages of function words. By contrast, grammars describe the use of function words in detail, but treat lexical words in general terms only.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_word

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subject : linguistic
lecturer : arif budiman
university : IKIP PGRI Semarang

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